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Review Article

Archaeal DNA polymerases: new frontiers in DNA replication and repair

Christopher D.O. Cooper
Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Nov 14, 2018, ETLS20180015; DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20180015
Christopher D.O. Cooper
Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire HD1 3DH, U.K.
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  • http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-8041
  • For correspondence: c.d.cooper@hud.ac.uk
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Abstract

Archaeal DNA polymerases have long been studied due to their superior properties for DNA amplification in the polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing technologies. However, a full comprehension of their functions, recruitment and regulation as part of the replisome during genome replication and DNA repair lags behind well-established bacterial and eukaryotic model systems. The archaea are evolutionarily very broad, but many studies in the major model systems of both Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota are starting to yield significant increases in understanding of the functions of DNA polymerases in the respective phyla. Recent advances in biochemical approaches and in archaeal genetic models allowing knockout and epitope tagging have led to significant increases in our understanding, including DNA polymerase roles in Okazaki fragment maturation on the lagging strand, towards reconstitution of the replisome itself. Furthermore, poorly characterised DNA polymerase paralogues are finding roles in DNA repair and CRISPR immunity. This review attempts to provide a current update on the roles of archaeal DNA polymerases in both DNA replication and repair, addressing significant questions that remain for this field.

  • archaea
  • biotechnology
  • DNA replication and recombination
  • DNA synthesis and repair
  • DNA polymerase
  • Abbreviations

    BER,
    base excision repair;
    CRISPR,
    clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats;
    EM,
    electron microscopy;
    Pab,
    Pyrococcus abyssi;
    Pfu,
    Pyrococcus furiosus;
    PIP,
    PCNA-interacting protein;
    PCR,
    polymerase chain reaction;
    RFC,
    replication factor C;
    Sso,
    Sulfolobus solfataricus;
    Tko,
    Thermococcus kodakarensis;
    TLS,
    translesion synthesis
    • Received August 19, 2018.
    • Revision received September 27, 2018.
    • Accepted October 8, 2018.
    • © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and the Royal Society of Biology
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    Archaeal DNA polymerases: new frontiers in DNA replication and repair
    Christopher D.O. Cooper
    Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Nov 2018, ETLS20180015; DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20180015
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    Archaeal DNA polymerases: new frontiers in DNA replication and repair
    Christopher D.O. Cooper
    Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Nov 2018, ETLS20180015; DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20180015

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    • Article
      • Abstract
      • Introduction
      • Archaeal DNA polymerases at the replication fork
      • Archaeal DNA polymerases in DNA repair: unanswered questions
      • Conclusions and remaining questions
      • Competing Interests
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      • References
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    Keywords

    archaea
    biotechnology
    DNA replication and recombination
    DNA synthesis and repair
    DNA polymerase

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